The public and private keys are mathematically associated; however it is computationally infeasible to deduce the private key from the public key. Anyone who has a public key can encrypt information but cannot decrypt it. Only the person who has the corresponding private key can decrypt your information.
Technically, both public and private keys are large numbers that work with cryptographic algorithms to produce encrypted material. The primary benefit of public-key cryptography is that it allows people who have no preexisting security arrangement to authenticate each other and exchange messages securely.
OpenRG makes use of public-key cryptography to authenticate and encrypt Wireless and VPN data communication.